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A foreign language writing aid is a computer program or any other instrument that assists a non-native language user (also referred to as a foreign language learner) in writing decently in their target language. Assistive operations can be classified into two categories: on-the-fly prompts and post-writing checks. Assisted aspects of writing include: lexical, syntactic (syntactic and semantic roles of a word's frame), lexical semantic (context/collocation-influenced word choice and user-intention-driven synonym choice) and idiomatic expression transfer, etc. Different types of foreign language writing aids include automated proofreading applications, text corpora, dictionaries, translation aids and orthography aids. ==Background== The four major components in the acquisition of a language are namely; listening, speaking, reading and writing.〔Gregersen, T.S. (2003) To Err Is Human: A Reminder to Teachers of Language-Anxious Students. ''Foreign Language Annals, 36''(1): 25-32.〕 While most people have no difficulties in exercising these skills in their native language, doing so in a second or foreign language is not that easy. In the area of writing, research has found that foreign language learners find it painstaking to compose in the target language, producing less eloquent sentences and encountering difficulties in the revisions of their written work. However, these difficulties are not attributed to their linguistic abilities.〔Chih, H. K. (2008). Designing an Online Writing System: Learning with Support. ''ELC Journal, 39''(3), 285-299.〕 Many language learners experience foreign language anxiety, feelings of apprehensiveness and nervousness, when learning a second language.〔 Foreign language anxiety is a specific variety of anxiety condition pertaining to foreign language learning.〔Thi Thu Trang, T. (2012). (A Review of Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope's Theory of Foreign Language Anxiety and the Challenges to the Theory ). ''English Language Teaching, 5''(1), 69-75. Retrieved 17 March 2012.〕 In the case of writing in a foreign language, this anxiety can be alleviated via foreign language writing aids as they assist non-native language users in independently producing decent written work at their own pace, hence increasing confidence about themselves and their own learning abilities.〔Behjat, F. (2011). Teacher Correction or Word Processors: Which Is a Better Option for the Improvement of EFL Students' Writing Skill?. ''Journal Of Language Teaching & Research, 2''(6), 1430-1434.〕 With advancements in technology, aids in foreign language writing are no longer restricted to traditional mediums such as teacher feedback and dictionaries. Known as computer-assisted language learning (CALL), use of computers in language classrooms has become more common, and one example would be the use of word processors to assist learners of a foreign language in the technical aspects of their writing, such as grammar.〔Cameron, K. (1990). (''Computer assisted language learning:program structure and principles'' ). (pp. 10). Intellect Books. Retrieved 17 March 2012.〕 In comparison with correction feedback from the teacher, the use of word processors is found to be a better tool in improving the writing skills of students who are learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL), possibly because students find it more encouraging to learn their mistakes from a neutral and detached source.〔 Apart from learners' confidence in writing, their motivation and attitudes will also improve through the use of computers.〔 Foreign language learners' awareness of the conventions in writing can be improved through reference to guidelines showing the features and structure of the target genre.〔 At the same time, interactions and feedback help to engage the learners and expedite their learning, especially with active participation.〔Telçeker, H. & Akcan , S. (2010). The Effect of Oral and Written Teacher Feedback on Students’ Revisions in a Process-Oriented EFL Writing Class. ''TESL Reporter, 43''(1), 31-49.〕 In online writing situations, learners are isolated without face-to-face interaction with others. Therefore, a foreign language writing aid should provide interaction and feedback so as to ease the learning process. This complements Communicative language teaching (CLT); which is a teaching approach that highlights interaction as both the means and aim of learning a language. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Foreign language writing aid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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